- July 2004 Table of Contents
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CBP® Research Update
- by Sanghak O. Harrison, DC
- Treasurer, CBP® Nonprofit, Inc.
Dr. Sang Harrison attended the University of
Delaware and Life Chiropractic College in Atlanta, graduating in 1983. She
interned with Dr. Don Harrison in Sunnyvale, California in 1983 and practiced in
Fremont, California from 1984 to 1986, when she and Don were married and moved
to Wyoming. She has been the financial officer for CBP®, Nonprofit since 1986.
She has drawn all the skeletal drawings in the CBP® Technique textbooks. She is
the co-author of 10 published, accepted, or in review research papers in the
Index Medicus.
As of June 2004, we have had an extraordinary year of research at CBP®
Nonprofit. Presently, we have 17 manuscripts in press and 4 more projects in
review (see the Table below). When we started research in 1991, we had no idea
how this would blossom into so many projects, with so much success, in so many
different prestigious Index Medicus journals.
In the beginning, we just wished to evaluate some of our CBP® methods to help
our practitioners with their frequent IME cuts of their 3rd party claims. After
a few published papers, we began to realize that straight chiropractic was being
attacked, unjustly, from many different sides. We changed our research focus to
evaluating procedures, that were claimed to be unreliable and invalid by critics
of straight chiropractic, but routinely used by field practitioners. Often,
these critics were non-practicing college faculty or non-practicing IMEs. After
much success in this arena, we moved to advanced biomechanical studies with help
from some fine PhDs at various universities.
Lately, we have published a mixture of clinical
efficacy studies (including 6 Clinical Control Trials and 5 Case Studies) with
additional biomechanical studies.
As our research interests expanded, we have
attracted some very helpful DCs, MDs, and PhDs from various disciplines. These
doctors are dedicated researchers who have viewed our progress and decided to
help us get to future heights, previously unimagined by us. This has all been
made possible by the DCs, who have generously donated to CBP® Nonprofit. We
thank you for your continuing support of our research efforts.
CBP® RESEARCH PROJECTS as of April 2004
I. X-Ray/Posture Reliability
1. Jackson BL, Harrison DD, Robertson GA,
Barker WF. Chiropractic Biophysics Lateral Cervical Film Analysis Reliability. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1993;16(6): 384-91.
2. Troyanovich SJ, Robertson GA, Harrison DD,
Holland B. Intra- and Interexaminer Reliability of the Chiropractic Biophysics
Lateral Lumbar Radiographic Mensuration Procedure. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
1995;18(8):519-524.
3. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD,
Holland B, Janik TJ. A Further Analysis of the Reliability of the Posterior
Tangent Lateral Lumbar Radiographic Mensuration Procedure: Concurrent Validity
of Computer Aided X-ray Digitization. J ManipulativePhysiol Ther 1998; 21(7):
460-467.
4. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO, Harrison DD,
Harrison DE, Payne M, Janik TJ, Holland B. Chiropractic Biophysics Digitized
Radiographic Mensuration Analysis of the Anteroposterior Lumbar View: A
Reliability Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(5): 309-315.
5. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD,
Harrison SO, Janik TJ, Holland B. Chiropractic Biophysics Digitized Radiographic
Mensuration Analysis of the Anteroposterior Cervico-thoracic View: A Reliability
Study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23: 476-82.
6. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R,
Troyanovich SJ, Janik TJ, Holland B. Cobb Method or Harrison Posterior Tangent
Method: Which is Better for Lateral Cervical Analysis? Spine 2000; 25(16):
2072-78.
7. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. Centroid, Cobb or Harrison Posterior Tangents: Which to Choose
for Analysis of Thoracic Kyphosis? Spine 2001; 26(11): E227-E234.
8. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. Radiographic Analysis of Lumbar Lordosis: Cobb Method, Centroidal
Method, TRALL or Harrison Posterior Tangents? Spine 2001; 26(11): E235-E242.
9. Janik TJ, Harrison DE, Harrison, DD, Payne
MR, Coleman RR, Holland B. Reliability of lateral bending and axial rotation
with validity of a New Method to determine Axial Rotations on AP Radiographs. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001; 24(7): 445-448.
10. Harrison DE, Holland B, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ. Further Reliability Analysis of the Harrison Radiographic Line Drawing
Methods: Crossed ICCs for Lateral Posterior Tangents and AP Modified Risser-Ferguson.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002; 25: 93-98.
11. Normand MC, Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Black
P, Harrison DD, Holland B. Reliability and Measurement Error of the BioTonix
Video Posture Evaluation System. Part I: Inanmate objects. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2002; 25(4): 246-250.
12. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Betz
JW, Janik TJ, Holland B. Repeatability Over Time of Posture, X-ray Positioning,
and X-ray Line Drawing: An Analysis of Six Control Groups. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2003; 26(2):87-98.
13. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. Sagittal Skin Contour of the Cervical Spine: Inter-examiner and
Intra-examiner Reliability of the Flexicurve Instrument. J Manipulative Physiol
Ther 2004; in press.
14. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Cailliet R, Harrison
DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. Concurrent Validity of the Flexicurve Instrument
Measurements: Sagittal Skin Contour of the Cervical Spine Compared to Lateral
Cervical radiographic Measurements. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004; in press.
15. Harrison DE, Betz JW, Colloca CJ, Cailliet
R, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Production of Radiographic Pseudo-Scoliosis
from Lateral Thoracic Translation Posture (Trunk List). 2003; in review.
II. Spinal Modeling
16. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ,
Holland B. Comparisons of Lordotic Cervical Spine Curvatures to a Theoretical
Ideal Model of the Static Sagittal Cervical Spine. Spine 1996;21(6):667-675.
17. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ,
Harrison DE, Colloca CJ. Evaluations of the Assumptions Used to Derive an Ideal
Normal Cervical Spine Model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1997; 20(4): 246-256.
18. Troyanovich SJ, Cailliet R, Janik TJ,
Harrison DD, Harrison DE. Radiographic Mensuration Characteristics of the
Sagittal Lumbar Spine From A Normal Population with a Method to Synthesize Prior
Studies of Lordosis. J Spinal Disord 1997;10(5): 380-386.
19. Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Janik TJ,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Holland B. Elliptical Modeling of the Sagittal
Lumbar Lordosis and Segmental Rotation Angles as a Method to Discriminate
Between Normal and Low Back Pain Subjects. J Spinal Disord 1998; 11(5): 430-439.
20. Janik TJ, Harrison DD, Cailliet R,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE. Can the Sagittal Lumbar Curvature be Closely
Approximated by an Ellipse? J Orthop Res 1998; 16(6): 766-770.
21. Harrison DE, Janik TJ, Harrison DD,
Cailliet R, Harmon S. Can the Thoracic Kyphosis be Modeled with a Simple
Geometric Shape? The Results of Circular and Elliptical Modeling in 80
Asymptomatic Subjects. J Spinal Disord Tech 2002; 15(3): 213-220.
22. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ,
Cailliet R, Haas JW. Do alterations in vertebral and disc dimensions affect an
elliptical model of the thoracic kyphosis? Spine 2003; 28(5): 463-469.
23. Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Janik TJ,
Cailliet R, Ferrantelli JR, Haas JW, Holland B. Modeling of the Sagittal
Cervical Spine as a Method to Discriminate Hypo-Lordosis: Results of Elliptical
and Circular Modeling in 72 Asymptomatic Subjects, 52 Acute Neck Pain Subjects,
and 70 Chronic Neck Pain Subjects. Spine 2004; in press.
24. McAviney J, Schulz D, Bock R, Harrison DE,
Burt Holland B. Determining a clinical normal value for cervical lordosis. J
Manipulative Physil Ther 2004; in press.
25. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Haas JW, Janik
TJ, Cailliet R. Normal Spine Model from T1 to S1: Adjoining Portions of Ellipses
at T12. 2003; In preparation.
26. Harrison DD, Harrison DE, Haas JW, Janik
TJ, Colloca CJ. The Harrison Normal Ellipsoidal Spinal Model from C1 to S1.
2004; in preparation.
27. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ,
Cailliet R, Colloca CJ, Keller TS. The Optimal Sagittal Geometric Configuration
of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Biomechanical Analysis of Buckling, Vibration,
Osteoporotic Deformity, Osteoarthritis Loading, and Sagittal Balance of 80
Normal Subjects. 2004; In preparation.
28. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Harrison DE,
Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Morphological and Biomechanical Modeling of the Thoracoc-lumbar
Spine: Implications for the Ideal Spine. Spine Journal 2004; in press.
29. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. Do Sagittal Plane Anatomical Variations (Angulation) of the
Cervical Facets and C2 Odontoid Affect the Geometrical Configuration of the
Cervical Lordosis? Results from Digitizing Lateral Cervical Radiographs in 252
neck pain subjects. Clin Anatomy 2004; in review.
III. Technique
30. Harrison DD, Jackson BL, Troyanovich SJ,
Robertson GA, DeGeorge D, Barker WF. The Efficacy of Cervical
Extension-Compression Traction Combined with Diversified Manipulation and Drop
Table Adjustments in the Rehabilitation of Cervical Lordosis. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 1994;17(7):454-64.
31. Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Harrison GR,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison SO. Chiropractic Biophysics Technique: A
Linear Algebra Approach to Posture in Chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
1996;19(8):525-535.
32. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. New 3-Point Bending Traction Method of Restoring Cervical
Lordosis Combined with Cervical Manipulation: Non-randomized Clinical Control
Trial. Archives Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83(4):447-453.
33. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Holland B. Changes in Sagittal Lumbar Configuration with a New Method of
Extension Traction: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial. Archives Phys Med
Rehabil 2002; 83(11): 1585-1591.
34. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Betz J, Janik TJ,
Holland B, Colloca C, Haas JW. Increasing the Cervical Lordosis with CBP Seated
Combined Extension-Compression and Transverse Load Cervical Traction with
Cervical Manipulation: Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2003;26(3) :139-151
35. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Betz JW, Haas JW,
Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland B. A Conservative Methods for Reducing Lateral
Translation Postures of the Head: A Non-randomized clinical Control Trial. J
Rehabil Res Dev 2004; in press.
36. Colloca CJ, Keller, TS, Black P, Normand M,
Harrison DE, Harrison DD. Biomechanical Comparison of Mechanical Force Manually
Assisted Chiropractic Adjusting Instruments. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004;
in press.
37. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Betz JW, Harrison
DD, Haas JW, Janik TJ, Holland B.A Non-randomized Clinical Control Trial of
Harrison Mirror Image Methods for Correcting Trunk List (Lateral Translations of
the Thoracic Cage). Euro Spine J 2004; in review.
38. Meyer D, Harrison DE. Cohort study of
consecutive patients with anterior head translation posture. Being written.
IV. Practice Protocols
39. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD.
Review of the Scientific Literature Relevant to Structural Rehabilitation of the
Spine and Posture: Rationale for Treatment Beyond the Resolution of Symptoms. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21(1):37-50.
40. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE.
Low back pain and the lumbar intervertebral disc: Clinical considerations for
the doctor of chiropractic. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(2): 96-104.
41. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ,
Harmon S. Its Time to Accept the Evidence for a Normal Spinal Position. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23: 623-644.
V. Reviews of the Literature
42. Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE,
Janik TJ, Murphy DJ. A Normal Sagittal Spinal Configuration: A Desirable
Clinical Outcome. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19(6):398-405.
43. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ.
The Sacroiliac Joint: A Review of Anatomy and Mechanics. J Manipulative Physiol
Ther 1997; 20(9): 607-17.
44. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ.
Three-Dimensional Spinal Coupling Mechanics. Part I: A Review of the Literature.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(2): 101-113.
45. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ.
Three-Dimensional Spinal Coupling Mechanics. Part II: Implications for
Chiropractic Theories and Practice. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998; 21(3):
177-86.
46. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central Nervous
System. PART I: Spinal Canal Deformations Due to Changes in Posture. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(4):227-234.
47. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central Nervous
System. PART II: Strains in the Spinal Cord from Postural Loads. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 1999; 22(5):322-332.
48. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD,
Troyanovich SJ, Harrison SO. A Review of Biomechanics of the Central Nervous
System. PART III: Spinal Cord Stresses from Postural Loads and Their Neurologic
Effects. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(6):399-410.
49. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC,
Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting Biomechanics Part I: Review of the
Literature. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999; 22(9): 594-609.
50. Harrison DD, Harrison SO, Croft AC,
Harrison DE, Troyanovich SJ. Sitting Biomechanics Part II: Optimal Car Driver’s
Seat and Optimal Driver’s Spinal Model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23(1):
37-47.
51. Betz JW, Haas JE. Langworthy, Harrison, and
History of Spine Traction: Setting the record straight. J Manipulative Physil
Ther 2004; in review.
VI. Critical Appraisal of Chiropractic Methods
52. Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Troyanovich SJ,
Harrison DE. Torque: An Appraisal of Misuse of Terminology in Chiropractic
Literature and Technique. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1996;19(7):454-62.
53. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Troyanovich SJ.
Reliability of Spinal Displacement Analysis on Plane X-rays: A Review of
Commonly Accepted Facts and Fallacies with Implications for Chiropractic
Education and Technique. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21:252-66.
54. Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DD, Harrison DE.
Commentary, Motion Palpation: It’s Time to accept the evidence. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 1998; 21(8): 569-571.
55. Harrison DD, Colloca CJ, Troyanovich SJ,
Harrison DE. Commentary, Torque Misuse Revisited. J Manipulative Physiol Ther
1998; 21(9): 649-655.
VII. X-Ray Projection
56. Coleman RR, Bernard BB, Harrison DE. The
Effects of Real Life X-axis Vertebral Translation on Projected Y-axis Vertebral
Rotation Images. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1998;21:333-40.
57. Coleman RR, Bernard BB, Harrison DE,
Harrison SO. Correlation and quantification of projected 2-D radiographic images
with actual 3-D y-axis vertebral rotations. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 1999;
22(1): 21-25.
58. Coleman RR, Harrison DE, Fischer T,
Harrison SO. Correlation and Quantification of Relative 2-D Projected Vertebral
Endplate Z-axis Rotations with 3-D Y-axis Vertebral Rotations and Focal Spot
Elevation. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000; 23(6): 414-419.
59. Coleman RR, Harrison DE, Bernard BB. The
Effects of Combined X-axis Translations and Y-axis Rotations on Projected
Lamina Junction Offset. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001; 24(8): 509-513.
VIII. Case Studies
60. Colloca CJ, Polkinghorn BS. Chiropractic
Management of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases. J Manipulative
Physiol Ther 2003; 26: 448-459.
61. Paulk GP, Harrison DE. Management of a
chronic lumbar disk herniation with CBP methods following failed chiropractic
manipulative intervention. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004; in press.
62. Ferrantelli J, Harrison DE, Harrison DD,
Steward D. Conservative management of previously unresponsive whiplash
associated disorders with CBP methods: A Case Report. JMPT 2004; in press.
63. Bastecki AV, Harrison DE, Haas JW. Cervical
Kyphosis is a Possible Link to ADHD: A CBP” Case Study. JMPT 2004, in press.
64. Harrison DE, Bula J, Harrison DD.
Non-operative Correction of flat back syndrome with conservative lumbar
extension traction: Case Series of Three. 2004; in review.
65. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD, Bymers
B. Reduction of symptoms in a patient with syringomyelia, cluster headaches, and
cervical kyphosis: A CBP® case report. JMPT 2004; in review.
66. Berry R, Oakley PA, Harrison, DE. A Structural Approach
to the Post-Surgical Laminectomy: A CBP® Case Study. 2004; in review.
67. Harrison DE, Haas JW, Harrison DD.
Improvement following spinal rehabilitation in a Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Patient: A CBP® Case Study. 2004, being written.
68. Harrison DE, Haas JW. Positive Outcomes
with Tourett’s Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder Following Cervical Lordosis
Restoration: a CBP® Case Report. 2004, being written.
69. D’Andrea T, Harrison DE. Multiple
Sclerosis: A CBP® Case Series. 2004; being written.
IX. Biomechanics
70. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Coleman RR. Lumbar Coupling During Lateral Translations of
the Thoracic Cage Relative to a Fixed Pelvis. Clin Biomech 1999; 14(10):
704-709.
71. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Cailliet R,
Troyanovich SJ, Janik TJ. Cervical Coupling During Lateral Head Translations
Creates an “S”-Configuration. Clin Biomech 2000; 15: 436-440.
72. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Holland
B, Siskin L. Slight Head Extension: Does it Reverse the Cervical Curve? Euro
Spine J 2001; 10: 149-153.
73. Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Jones
EW, Cailliet R, Normand M. Comparison of Axial and Flexural Stresses in Lordosis
and Three Buckled Modes in the Cervical Spine. Clin Biomech 2001; 16(4):
276-284.
74. Harrison DD, Jones EW, Janik TJ, Harrison
DE. Evaluation of Flexural Stresses in the Vertebral body Cortex and Trabecular
Bone in Three Cervical Configurations with an Elliptical Shell Model. J
Manipulative Physiol Ther 2002; 25(6): 391-401.
75. Harrison DE, Cailliet R, Harrison DD, Janik
TJ. How Do Anterior/Posterior Translations of the thoracic cage affect the
Sagittal Lumbar Spine, Pelvic Tilt, and Thoracic Kyphosis? Euro Spine J 2002;
11(3): 287-293.
76. Keller TS, Harrison DE, Colloca CJ,
Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Prediction of osteoporotic spinal deformity. Spine 2003;
28(5): 455-462.
77. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Beliveau JG.
Force-deformation response of the lumbar spine: a sagittal plane model of
posteroanterior manipulation and mobilization. Clin Biomech 2002: 17(3):185-96.
78. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Gunzburg R.
Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part I:
Vertebral motion. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;26:567-78.
79. Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Gunzburg R.
Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part II:
Neurophysiological Response. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003: 26:579-91.
80. Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Peterson TK, Seltzer
DE. Comparison of dynamic posteroanterior spinal stiffness to plain film
radiographic images of lumbar disc height. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003;
26:233-41.
81. Roy AL, Keller TS, Colloca CJ. Posture
dependent isometric trunk strength and EMG activity in normal male and female
subjects. J Electromyography & Kinesiology 2003; 13(5):469-76.
82. Colloca CJ, Keller TS, Gunzburg R. First
Prize - Biomechanical and neurophysiological responses to spinal manipulation in
patients with lumbar radiculopathy. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2004: accepted
for publication.
83. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Beliveau JG.
Determination of lumbar spine static and dynamic motion patterns: a twenty-one
degree of freedom sagittal plane model. Clin Biomech 2003: in review.
84. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Active trunk
extensor contributions to dynamic posteroanterior lumbar spinal stiffness. J
Manipulative and Physiol Ther 2004; accepted for publication.
85. Colloca CJ, Keller TS. Muscular
contributions to dynamic posteroanterior spinal stiffness. JMPT 2004; in press.
86. Harrison DE, Colloca CJ, Keller TS,
Harrison DD, Janik TJ, Haas JW. Anterior Thoracic Posture Increases
Thoracolumbar Disc Loading. Euro Spine J 2004; In press.
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